Cusco, Peru
Discover the magic of Cusco, the historic capital of the Inca Empire nestled high in the Peruvian Andes. This comprehensive guide covers everything from navigating high altitude and exploring world-class archaeological sites to enjoying authentic Andean cuisine in this UNESCO World Heritage city.
Introduction to Cusco, Peru
Cusco is not merely a stopover on the way to Machu Picchu; it is one of the most culturally significant cities in the Western Hemisphere. Once the capital of the Inca Empire, the city remains the living heart of Andean culture. Today, it presents a fascinating synthesis of Incan engineering, Spanish colonial architecture, and vibrant contemporary life. At 3,400 meters above sea level, the air is thin, but the atmosphere is electric.
Best Time to Visit Cusco
Cusco features two distinct seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. The dry season runs from May through October, offering crisp, clear blue skies and cold nights. This is the peak tourist season and the best time for trekking the Inca Trail. The rainy season, occurring from November through April, brings heavy afternoon showers but transforms the landscape into a lush, vibrant green. Traveling during the shoulder months—April, May, September, and October—offers a balance of good weather and fewer crowds.
Top Things to Do in Cusco
Explore the Plaza de Armas
The historic core of Cusco, the Plaza de Armas is a bustling hub where history meets modern convenience. Admire the stunning Cusco Cathedral, a marvel of colonial architecture built upon the foundations of an Incan palace.
The Temple of the Sun (Qorikancha)
Once the most sacred site in the Inca Empire, Qorikancha showcases the precision of Incan stonework that even the Spanish could not destroy. It serves as the base for the Convento de Santo Domingo, providing a visual juxtaposition of two civilizations.
Sacsayhuaman Fortress
Perched on the hills above the city, the megalithic ruins of Sacsayhuaman demonstrate the sheer scale and ingenuity of Incan defensive architecture. The enormous limestone blocks are fitted so tightly that not even a knife blade can pass between them.
Day Trips to the Sacred Valley
No trip to Cusco is complete without visiting the Sacred Valley. Towns like Pisac, with its famous market and ruins, and Ollantaytambo, a living Inca town, offer profound insights into the agricultural and military prowess of the Incas.
How to Get There
Most travelers arrive in Cusco via flight from Lima. Flights are frequent and take approximately 80 minutes. For the more adventurous, a long-distance bus from Lima or Arequipa is available, though the journey can take up to 22 hours through mountainous terrain. If choosing the bus, ensure you book with a reputable company for safety and comfort.
Getting Around
Cusco’s historic center is highly walkable, though you should be prepared for steep, cobblestoned streets. For longer distances, official taxis are abundant and affordable. Always agree on the fare before entering the vehicle. For a local experience, the public combis (minibuses) are cheap and reliable if you know your route.
Where to Stay
- Luxury: San Blas district offers boutique hotels in restored colonial mansions with unparalleled city views.
- Mid-Range: The area near the Plaza de Armas provides easy access to museums, restaurants, and tour operators.
- Budget: Numerous highly-rated hostels are located in the San Blas and Santa Ana neighborhoods, catering to international travelers.
Food & Drink: A Culinary Journey
Cusco has emerged as a gastronomic powerhouse. Must-try dishes include lomo saltado (stir-fried beef), aji de gallina (creamy chicken), and for the daring, cuy (guinea pig). Don't miss the local street food, such as anticuchos (marinated beef hearts) found in night markets. Wash it all down with a glass of chicha morada (purple corn drink) or a traditional Pisco Sour.
Budget Tips
- Boleto Turístico: Purchase this single pass to access most major archaeological sites in and around Cusco.
- Eat Locally: Dine at 'mercados' like San Pedro for delicious, authentic meals at a fraction of restaurant prices.
- Free Walking Tours: Many reputable companies offer free walking tours; remember to tip your guide.
Safety and Practical Information
Managing Altitude Sickness
Altitude is the biggest challenge in Cusco. Upon arrival, take it slow, stay hydrated, and drink coca tea—a local remedy for altitude sickness. Avoid heavy meals and alcohol for your first 48 hours.
General Safety
Cusco is generally safe, but pickpocketing can occur in crowded markets. Keep your belongings secure, use registered taxis, and always carry a copy of your passport.
Final Takeaway
Cusco is a city of layers. Whether you are seeking spiritual reflection at a mountain shrine, high-octane adventure on the Inca Trail, or a deeper understanding of human history, Cusco delivers in spades. Pack your walking shoes, respect the altitude, and prepare to be enchanted by the navel of the world.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it hard to breathe in Cusco?
Because Cusco sits at an elevation of 3,400 meters, many visitors feel breathless upon arrival. Most people acclimate within 24 to 48 hours. Staying hydrated and avoiding overexertion are key to managing symptoms.
Do I need a visa to visit Cusco?
Most citizens of the US, UK, Canada, and EU do not require a visa for tourism in Peru for up to 90 days. Always check the latest requirements from your local Peruvian consulate before departure.
Can I use US Dollars in Cusco?
While some larger hotels and high-end tour operators accept US dollars, the Peruvian Sol is the currency for daily transactions. Use an ATM to withdraw local currency and keep small change for local markets.
Is it safe to drink the tap water?
No, do not drink tap water in Cusco. Always drink bottled, treated, or boiled water to avoid stomach issues. High-end hotels often provide purified water bottles.
Should I book my Machu Picchu tickets in advance?
Absolutely. Tickets to Machu Picchu and permits for the Inca Trail often sell out months in advance. Book your tickets via the official government website well before your travel dates.
What language is spoken in Cusco?
Spanish is the primary language, but Quechua—the language of the Incas—is still widely spoken by the indigenous population. Most staff in hotels and tourist shops speak English, but learning basic Spanish phrases will go a long way.
Frequently asked questions
Is it hard to breathe in Cusco?
Because Cusco sits at an elevation of 3,400 meters, many visitors feel breathless upon arrival. Most people acclimate within 24 to 48 hours. Staying hydrated and avoiding overexertion are key to managing symptoms.
Do I need a visa to visit Cusco?
Most citizens of the US, UK, Canada, and EU do not require a visa for tourism in Peru for up to 90 days. Always check the latest requirements from your local Peruvian consulate before departure.
Can I use US Dollars in Cusco?
While some larger hotels and high-end tour operators accept US dollars, the Peruvian Sol is the currency for daily transactions. Use an ATM to withdraw local currency and keep small change for local markets.
Is it safe to drink the tap water?
No, do not drink tap water in Cusco. Always drink bottled, treated, or boiled water to avoid stomach issues. High-end hotels often provide purified water bottles.
Should I book my Machu Picchu tickets in advance?
Absolutely. Tickets to Machu Picchu and permits for the Inca Trail often sell out months in advance. Book your tickets via the official government website well before your travel dates.
What language is spoken in Cusco?
Spanish is the primary language, but Quechua—the language of the Incas—is still widely spoken by the indigenous population. Most staff in hotels and tourist shops speak English, but learning basic Spanish phrases will go a long way.